6 - 



to be as important as getting the job done. Sulfurs, dichlone, 

 captan, ferbam and benomyl all appear effective. 



Other management practices and Cytospora canker . 



1. Winter injury. We have discussed orchard sites, selection of 

 varieties, tree training and pruning as they relate to winter 

 injury. Fluctuating winter temperatures can result in injury 

 to the bark of trunks, crotches and scaffold limbs. The dark- 

 colored bark absorbs the sun's energy. On quiet, sunny winter 

 days, the temperature under the bark on the sun-side of the 

 trees will rise 30 degrees or more above the air temperature. 

 Then the rapid cooling to below freezing after sunset sets up 

 conditions for winter injury. Coating the trunks, crotches 

 and lower portions of scaffold limbs with a white water-emul- 

 sion paint will moderate the temperature extremes under the 

 bark and reduce winter-injured areas. 



2. Brown rot cankers from blossom blight and fruit rot are entry 

 points for the Cytospora fungi. 



In summary, I wish to stress the following points: 



1. Do not plant young peach trees near older, diseased stone fruit 

 trees . 



4 

 5 



Begin tree training the first growing season and strive for 

 wide-angled crotches in whatever training system you use. 



Provide adequate fertilization for good tree growth, but avoid 

 excessive nitrogen and late cultivations. 



Follow a good brown rot control program. 



Remove all fruit from the trees following last picking to pre- 

 vent brown rot cankers. 



6. When pruning, make all cuts clean and close to the next larger 

 branch . 



7. Delay pruning until bud swell and follow the pruning before the 

 next rain with an effective fungicide. Try some summer mowing. 



With these measures, you are not likely to clean up trees al- 

 ready severely diseased. You will be able to prevent many new in- 

 fections and add years to the life span of young orchards. 



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