10 - 



Summary 



Since the late 1930's, tree number per acre has increased from 

 20-40 trees in standard orchards, to 680-1200 trees in the slender- 

 spindle orchards. Planting design has changed from the square 

 planting for standard trees to the rectangular systems for slender- 

 spindle orchards. More recently, interest has developed in multi- 

 row and full-field planting systems but, at present, single rows 

 are preferred in the Netherlands. 



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POMOLOGICAL PARAGRAPH 



Effectiveness of Alar as influenced by coverage . A study conduc- 

 ted by B.L. Rogers and E.R. Kristensen entitled "Preharvest Drop 

 of 'Stayman' Apples as Influenced by SADH (Alar*) in Dilute and 

 Concentrate Form" and published in HortScience 8:314 (August 1973) 

 showed the importance of good coverage for preharvest drop control. 

 Spray equipment which had given good pest control in apple orchards 

 when sprays were applied up to 33X failed to provide adequate pre - 

 harvest drop control on 'Stayman' apple trees when Alar* was ap- 

 plied at 3X or higher. The failure to get effective drop control 

 with concentrates of 3X or higher was probably due to poor spray 

 coverage. There is little or no translocation of Alar from sprayed 

 to non-sprayed branches, so thorough spray coverage is required 

 for best results regardless of spray concentration. 



*Trade name 



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Mcintosh apples in Scotland 



William J. Lord 

 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences 



Mcintosh apples exported from New England to Scotland go to 

 Rotterdam, Netherlands, then are transferred to smaller ships for 

 transport to Edinburgh, Scotland. The apples are handled by Ran- 

 kins Fruit Markets, Ltd., a small importing firm in Edinburgh. In 

 addition to being importers, Rankins have 18 specialty shops which 

 sell fruits, vegetables and flowers. 



Mcintosh apples from both New England and Canada are found in 

 Edinburgh stores. The red color and soft flesh make Mcintosh a 

 popular eating apple, particularly with older people. However, 



