than 2 eggs/100 apples, clearly demonstrating the effectiveness of 

 the spheres in directly controlling the flies before much egg lay- 

 ing was underway. The amount of labor required to prepare and em- 

 place the number of spheres required for directly controlling the 

 maggot (about 6 spheres/standard-size tree) would be prohibitive 

 in an orchard larger than 150 trees. 



At present, we a U. Mass., in conjunction with other scien- 

 tists from Geneva, New York, are aiming to improve the effective- 

 ness of the sphere trap still further by attempting to identify 

 and then synthesize the fly-attracting components of apple fruit 

 odor and male sex odor. This work will require at least 2-4 years. 

 If successful, it will mean that we should be able to bait the 

 spheres with these synthesized odors, and have a trap whose range 

 of effectiveness extends beyond the one yard or so at which un- 

 baited spheres are attractive. 



In the next issue of Fruit Notes, I will discuss a unique sort 

 of behavior engaged in by the apple maggot just after egglaying. 

 This behavior, and the fly-originating chemicals associated with 

 it, offers promise as a new means of controlling the apple maggot 

 without insecticide in large commercial orchards. 



FRUIT NOTES INDEX FOR 1976 



(This index of major articles has been prepared for those who keep 

 a file of Fruit Notes. The number in parenthesis indicates the 

 pages on which the item appears.) 



January -February 



Cost of Production (1-3) 



Reduced Spraying for Apple Insects and Mites: Results from 



British Columbia (3-4) 

 Varieties of Apples for Massachusetts (5-7) 

 Early Ripening Apple Varieties - 1975 (7-8) 

 Fruit Growing and Research in Switzerland (8-12) 



March-April 



Strawberry Growing in the Netherlands (i-g) 



Reduced Spraying for Apple Insects and Mites: Results from 



Michigan and North Carolina (8-10) 

 Recent Strawberry Introductions (10-11) 



