5 - 



quarters, chickweed and purslane, while chloroxuron controls most 

 broadleaf weeds including galinsoga, but is weak on grasses. While 

 DCPA must be applied pre-emergence to weeds in order to be effec- 

 tive, chloroxuron may be applied either pre- or post-emergence. 



For best 

 moist, clod-f 

 and before we 

 or irrigation 

 irrigation is 

 the chemical 

 lack of moist 

 seeds. Since 

 tall, moistur 



results wit 

 ree soil bef 

 eds germinat 



should foil 



not availab 

 into the soi 

 ure to move 



chloroxuron 

 e is not so 



h DCPA, it should be applied to smooth 

 ore or immediately after setting plants 

 e. From 1/2 to 1 inch of water from rain 

 ow within 1 week of application. Where 

 le, shallow pre-plant incorporation works 

 1 reducing the risk of failure because of 

 it into contact with germinating weed 



kills germinated weeds up to 2 inches 

 critical for it to be effective. 



Where this one-two punch is empl 

 is reduced to a minimum. However, on 

 ter heavy rains, most growers cultiva 

 plants start producing runners to fac 

 this time, DCPA may be applied again 

 early post-emergence application of c 

 be applied without DCPA either pre- o 

 of chloroxuron within a week of DCPA 

 weather since injury may occur when t 



oyed effectively, cultivation 



soils that tend to pack af- 

 te to loosen the soil when 

 ilitate their rooting. At 

 pre-emergence followed by an 

 hloroxuron, or chloroxuron may 

 r post-emergence. Application 

 is not advisable in hot 

 emperatures exceed 85°F. 



*************** 



REASONS FOR DEFORMED STRAWBERRY FRUITS 



B.R. Boyce 

 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences 

 University of Vermont 



Too frequently, strawberry growers find misshapen or deformed 

 berries in their fruiting fields. These berries are sometimes re- 

 ferred to by such names as "nubbins" or "catfaced fruit." By the 

 time this condition is observed, it is too late to do anything to 

 correct the problem. 



The St 

 the pistils 

 tils and if 

 ically call 

 ly enlarged 

 and develop 

 rescence. 

 ternary bio 

 the fruit d 

 quaternary 



rawberry fruit develops as a result of fertilization of 

 on the blossom. A flower may have several hundred pis- 

 fertilized, each pistil will develop into a seed, botan- 

 ed an achene. The edible part of the strawberry is main' 

 stem tissue. The primary blossoms have more pistils 

 into larger fruit than the later flowers of the inflo- 

 The later flowers, called secondary, tertiary and qua- 

 ssoms, usually have progressively fewer pistils and thus 

 eveloping from the tertiary and particularly from the 

 flowers are small, or maybe nubbins. 



