-13- 



being exposed. The most s 

 that the numbers of rootst 

 increasing length of inter 

 had little effect on numbe 

 suckers are troublesome in 

 ing the trees with only th 

 above ground may reduce su 

 to prevent scion rooting, 

 inches of interstem are st 

 soil or gravel around the 

 it is to lift the tree if 

 around a tree planted too 

 water to collect near the 



ignif icant 

 ock sucker 

 stem expos 

 rs of suck 



some plan 

 e top 4 in 

 ckering an 



Even if t 

 ill above 

 trunk if t 

 it is too 

 deep resul 

 trunk. ] 



ft********* 



results after 3 years are 

 s increased directly with 

 ure, while length of interstem 

 ers. [Editor's Note - Root 

 tings of interstems. Plant- 

 ches of the interstem being 

 d should be a sufficient height 

 he tree settles 2 inches, 2 more 

 ground. It is easier to add 

 he interstem is too high than 

 low. Removal of soil from 

 ts in "dishing" which allows 



APPLE DISEASE INCIDENCE IN MASSACHUSETTS IN 1978 

 Ted R. 



Bardinelli,-' Daniel R. Cooley,-' 

 and William J. Manning- 



Department of Plant Pathology 



The apple plant pathology program in 1978 focused on disease 

 surveys. Orchards in all parts of the state were evaluated peri- 

 odically for disease incidence. The twenty orchards in the IPM 

 program were the most intensively surveyed, particularly at harvest 

 Accumulated survey data will allow us to begin to determine the 

 incidence and relative importance of the various apple diseases 

 and will also allow us to examine new problems and re-examine 

 existing ones. 



The statewide disease survey showed the current status of dis- 

 eases to be as follows: 



1) Apple Scab 



Apple s 

 1978. Wher 

 back to rea 

 problems wi 

 at critical 

 growers exp 

 developed i 

 and found t 

 To our know 

 chusetts . 



cab was not 

 e scab was 

 sons such a 

 th spray di 

 times, and 

 ressed cone 

 n their ore 

 hat fungici 

 ledge, ther 



a serious problem in most orchards in 

 a problem, it was possible to trace 

 s problems with sprayer calibration, 

 stribution, failure to apply fungicides 



other grower management problems. Some 

 ern that fungicide-resistant scab had 

 hards. We investigated these situations 

 de-resistant scab was not the problem, 

 e is no fungicide-resistant scab in Massa- 



y Extension Technicians, and y Associate Professor, Department 

 Pathology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003. 



