-11- 



Figure 3. Idared trees planted in 1964; picture taken March, 

 1979 after pruning. Height of the tree on the 

 left has been gradually lowered since 1976. The 

 height-reduced trees average 8.3 ft. and the 

 control trees 10.6 ft. 



Spreaders with nails, sharpened on an emery wheel, at 

 each end have proven satisfactory for positioning 1-year-old 

 sprouts (Figure 4) . The water sprouts positioned in 1976 

 became sizeable branches within 2 growing seasons (Figure 5). 

 Another method used to develop new lateral branches involved 

 leaving a short stub by making a sloping cut when a favorably 

 positioned lateral branch originating from the central leader 

 was removed. 



