The first year after herbicide applications are discontinued 

 broadleaf weeds like cinquefoll, dandelions, lambsquar t er s , ragweed, 

 and plantian will probably be the predominant types of vegetation. 

 If these weeds become troublesome by late-July or in August, Dacamine 

 or Dacamine 4D can be applied under apple trees for their control 

 without injuring grasses. Continue to use Dacamine or Dacamine 4D 

 in subsequent years as needed under apple trees until grasses are 

 re-established, then switch to dalapon or paraquat. Under peach 

 trees it will be necessary to use paraquat because Dacamine or 

 Dacamine 4D are not labelled for this crop. 



Dalapon is labelled for grass control at 5 to 10 lbs. per acre 

 under apple trees (use the low rate for trees less than 4 years old) 

 and at 2 to 3-1/2 lbs. per acre under peach trees. Nevertheless, 

 5 lbs. per acre may be sufficient for apple trees of all ages. 

 Trials in the past showed that this rate in some instances merely 

 suppressed grass growth and in other instances, it eliminated 40-90% 

 of the grasses. Therefore, the degree of grass control with 5 lbs. 

 per acre is not predictable. However, users of dalapon may find 

 that lower rates are necessary under older trees where grass growth 

 is less luxuriant than under young trees. 



The re-established sod probably will be a mixture of grasses 

 and broadleaf weeds; therefore, it may be necessary to control trouble- 

 some weeds with paraquat, Dacamine or Dacamine 4D since dalapon con- 

 trols only grasses. 



A paraquat program alone also should be suitable for re-establish- 

 ment and maintenance of sod. Apply in spring under apple and peach 

 trees when grass is 10-12 Inches high. A repeat application may be 

 necessary in mid-July. 



Studies by Hislop and Prokopy ( Fruit Notes 44(5): 6-8) showed 

 that dalapon had low toxicity to Amblyseius fallacis , the most im- 

 portant predator of red and two-spotted mites in commercial orchards 

 in Massachusetts. In contrast, in earlier studies Hislop et al . ( Fruit 

 Notes 43(4): 5-8) found paraquat highly toxic to A. fallacis . There- 

 fore, Hislop and Prokopy ( Fruit Notes 44(5): 6-8) suggested the use 

 of dalapon as the herbicide in integrated pest management programs. 

 These workers have not determined Dacamine or Dacamine 4D toxicity to 

 A. fallacis . 



******************** 

 POMOLOGICAL PARAGRAPH 



Pruning well- feather ed trees at planting . If you receive well- 

 feathered trees from the nurseryman, it is Important to leave as 

 many favorably positioned branches on the trees as possible because 

 when all but 2 or 3 branches are removed, these tend to grow very 

 vigorously and develop narrow crotch angles when growing conditions 

 are favorable. Head the trees at 39", or 10 or 12" above the highest 



