with 

 cent e 

 The t 

 caps 

 ETL, 

 Sco t i 

 of fi 

 trap 



ly. 



again 



Co dlins moth . 

 et ic c 



a synth 

 r of ea 

 raps ar 

 renewed 

 based u 

 a growe 

 rs t-gen 

 = pes t i 

 A captu 

 St codl 



eh bio 

 e in p 

 every 

 pon th 

 rs , is 

 erat io 

 cide a 

 re of 

 ing mo 



One Pherocon 1 

 odling moth sex 

 ck for monitorin 

 osition from bio 



6 we eks . Fo r i 

 e recommendation 



set at cumulativ 

 n males: 60-100 

 pplication at 1/ 

 10 males/trap af 

 th suggests that 



CP^ trap ( 

 pheromone c 

 g abundance 

 om through 

 ni t ia 1 pest 

 s of Embree 

 e capture o 

 , 100-200, 

 4, 1/2 or f 

 t er the fir 



a second t 



17 



Zoecon Crop.) baited 

 ap is placed in the 



of codling moth males. 

 August, with pheromone 

 icide treatment, the 



and Whitman for Nova 

 f the following numbers 

 or 200 or more males/ 

 ull strength, respective- 

 st pesticide treatment 

 reatment may be needed. 



Apple maggo t . One unbaited, sticky-coated, 8.5 cm dark red 

 wooden sphere (New England Insect Traps) is hung in each sample 

 tree at about 1.5 meters above ground and about 0.5 - 1 meter from 

 the outermost foliage to monitor apple maggot fly abundance. 

 Traps are in position from late June until harvest. Once, in August, 

 other insects are removed and the sticky-coating replenished if 

 needed. The ETL can be briefly described as capture of 1 fly/block 

 7 or more days after the last insecticide treatment. 



San Jose scale 



We do not monitor San Jose scale abundance 



on the twigs, but instead use the simplified method of Madsen and 

 colleagues in British Columbia: examination of fruit at harvest for 

 evidence of scale injury. Our ETL is provisionally set at 0.1% 

 of fruit infested with scale. Where this level is reached or 

 exceeded, we recommend for the following season 1 or 2 pre-bloom oil 

 treatments and/or a mid-June and early July application of diazinon 

 or Penncap (timed to coincide with crawler emergence). 



Mites and mite predator 



we pick 15 1 

 Augus t , imme 

 at the labor 

 principal mi 

 mite (ERM) , 

 The principa 

 is Amb ly seiu 



eaves /sampl 

 diately pla 

 atory in Am 

 te pests o 

 two spotted 

 1 mi te pred 

 s fallacis. 



of 8 ERM and 

 300 ARM/leaf 

 ERM and TSM 

 eloped by Cr 

 oil applicat 



TSM active 



If any A 



on an index 



oft in Mich 



ion against 



e t re 

 ce th 

 hers t 

 f app 



spid 

 ator 

 We 



stag 

 , fal 



s_. Fo r 

 e/ sample 

 e sample 

 b rush a 

 le in Ma 

 er mite 

 in Massa 

 use the 

 es / 1 eaf 

 lac is ar 



of t 

 igan. 

 ERM 



he ratio 

 Each y 

 eggs in 



sampli 



date 

 s in a 

 nd pro 

 s sachu 

 (TSM) , 

 chuse t 

 follow 

 if no 

 e pr es 

 of A_^ 

 ear , w 

 each I 



ng mites and mite predators, 

 from mid-June through 



portable cooler, and 

 cess the leaves. The 

 setts are: European red 



and apple rust mite (ARM), 

 ts commercial apple orchards 

 ing ETL ' s : combined total 

 A. fallacis are present; 

 ent , we base our ETL for 



fallacis /prey mites dev- 

 e recommend a pre-bloom 

 PM block. 



Green apple aphid and aphid predators . From petal fallthrough 

 August, we examine 30 foliage terminals (the 10 most distal leaves 

 on 1st year woody growth, but not water sprout s )/ sample tree/sample 

 date for apple aphids , and eggs and larvae of the principal predators 

 of apple aphids in Massachusetts commercial apple orchards: the cecido- 

 myiid Aphidoletes aphidimyza , and the syrphid Syrphus ribesii . We 

 also examine 30 developing apples /sample tree/sampling date for pre- 

 sence of aphid honeydew droplets on the fruit surface. If there are 



