10 



These results suggestedthat calcium chloride sprays applied 

 to apple trees in July and August (maggot fly season) to increase 

 calcium in the fruit might possibly act like sodium chloride salt 

 sprays, and deter egglaying of apple maggot flies. However, the 

 data in Table 1 shows that at the recommended rates of 3 pounds per 

 100 gallons, and even at double that rate (7 pounds per 100 gallons) 

 calcium chloride sprays have no discernible deterrent effect on 

 maggot fly egglaying. Apparently the flies' contact chemical 

 receptors (located on the bottom of their feet) respond differently 

 to calcium compared with sodium salts. 



Thus, to their advantage, the flies are not put off by the 

 type of salt we offer them in our orchards. 



********** 



CAUSES OF DEFECTS ON MCINTOSH APPLES AT PACKING SHEDS 

 AND THEIR EFFECTS ON RETURNS 



Henry M. Bahn 

 Department of Food and Resource Economics 



and 2 

 Glenn Morin 



Department of Entomology 



Last year we summarized in FRUIT NOTES (Volume 44, No. 5) our 

 evaluation of labor productivity in grading and packing Mcintosh 

 apples grown under integrated pest management conditions in 1978. 

 It was suggested that during the 1979-1980 storage season we in- 

 spect Mcintosh apples at packing sheds in Massachusetts to deter- 

 mine why they failed to meet grade requirements for US Fancy fruit 

 and analyze the effect of defects on returns. The results of 

 this study are presented below. 



Experimental Procedures 



Culled Mcintosh apples at 10 packing sheds were examined dur- 

 ing the period from November, 1979 through January, 1980 to deter- 

 mine the reasons for rejection. At least one-half day was spent 

 at each packing shed which, with one exception, were all manual 

 sorting, sizing, and packing operations. A total of 1431 bushels 

 were packed and 315 bushels were culled. 



1 

 Extension Specialist in Farm Management 



2 

 Senior Pest Management Field Scout 



