11 



The culls were inspected to determine the reason for re- 

 jection. Only the first or most obvious defect observed was 

 listed as the reason for culling. Thus, fruit with multiple 

 defects were not double counted and the additional defects were 

 not recorded. This procedure was used to duplicate as closely 

 as possible the normal grading method. The packer/grader is 

 interested primarily in removing defective fruit from the line 

 rather than determining the specific type of defect. The first 

 or most obvious defect is, therefore, the critical one. All 

 culled apples were inspected by the same individual. 



During inspection of the culls, defects were noted and 

 later categorized by type. Each category was expressed as a 

 percentage of total culls and as a percentage of total apples 

 graded . 



Results 



Defects on stored apples . The fruit sampled had a cull rate aver- 

 aging 22.2 percent (Table 1). Cullage ranged from 3.3 percent to 

 53.4 percent. This large variation may be partly explained by 

 the fact that the samples included first, second and strip pickings 



Table 1. Reasons why Mcintosh apples were below grade at grower 

 packing sheds, 1979 



Bushels Percentage of Percentage of total 

 of culls showing apples culled because 

 Grade defects culls this defect of this defect 



Misshapen 3.0 1.0 0.2 



Insect damage 5.7 1.8 0.4 



Disease damage 7.0 2.2 0.5 



Russeting 18.5 5.7 1.3 



Bruise 25.5 8.1 1.8 



Mechanical^ 25.5 8.1 1.8 



Stem puncture 31.2 9.9 2.2 



Color (< US No.l) 53.0 16.9 3.7 



Size (< 2-1/4") 145.0 46.0 10.3 



Other 0.6 0.3 — 



Totals 315.0 100.0 22.2 



Includes limb rub , cuts , and cracks 



