13. 



Monitoring of Pest Populations 



We monitored adult populations of tarnished plant bugs (TPB) , 

 European apple sawflies (EAS) and apple maggot flies (AMF) using 

 commercially available visual traps. In addition, pheromone 

 (sex odor) traps were used to monitor redbanded leafroller (RBLR) , 

 oblique-banded leafroller (OBLR) , codling moth (CM), San Jose 

 scale (SJS) , tufted apple budmoth (TABM) and spotted tentiform 

 leafminer (STLM) . Visual inspections of fruit and foliage in all 

 portions of the tree canopy were used to monitor populations of 

 plum curculio (PC), green apple aphids (GAA) . woolly apple aphids 

 (WAA) and aphid predators and spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM) . 

 Mites were monitored using leaf brushing techniques described 

 previously . 



Sampling was weekly through petal fall and tri-weekly there- 

 after. At harvest, an on-tree survey of 1200 fruit per treatment 

 block was performed to determine injury levels to fruit. 



Insect Injury to Fruit at Harvest 



In 1980, total insect injury at harvest averaged 0.96% in 

 alternate-middle blocks vs. 1.17% in every middle blocks. (Table 1) 



Table 1. Average percent of insect injury to fruit in 4 alternate- 

 middle vs. every middle commercial orchard blocks in Massachusetts, 

 1980. 



Insect Every middle Alternate middle 



Tarnished plant bug 0.78 0.38 



Plum curculio 0.25 0.15 



San Jose Scale 0.00 0.20 



Apple maggot fly 0.03 0.00 



European apple sawfly 0.03 0.00 



Green fruitworm 0.03 0.00 



Codling moth 0.00 0.00 



Leafrollers 0.05 0.08 



Sooty mold 0.00 0.15 



Other 0.00 0.00 



Total % insect injury 1.17 0.96 



% leaf terminals infested 



with apple aphids 10.2 5.5 



Avg. number of mites/lf 2.0 0.7 



In 1980, TPB was the most serious insect pest in both types of 

 treatment blocks, although injury in each was substantially lower 



