-6- 



POMOLOGICAL PAMGRi\PH 



Insect larvae entering burrknots . Low light intensity at tree 

 trunk level, caused by shading from the ground cover, low limbs 

 and/or plastic mouse guards , favors the enlargement of the root 

 initials on the M9 stempiece of interstem trees or on M26 rootstock. 

 The clusters of root initials, called burrknots, are serving as 

 entrance sites for insect larvae especially apple bark beetle 

 larvae (apple bark beetles are close relatives of the peach tree 

 borer) . Damage from these tree borers is occurring in Massachusetts 

 and other fruit growing areas in Eastern United States. The 

 use of mouse guards made from hardware cloth and deeper planting 

 of interstem trees (setting the variety/M9 stempiece union 3 inches 

 above ground at planting) should reduce burrknot formation and 

 permit better spray coverage. 



9! ft -H f! it * it 9: 9; it 



CONSIDERATIONS IN ESTABLISHING G ROW I: R- OWNED I PM ORGANIZATIONS IN 



MASSACHUSETTS 



William M. Coli 

 Pest Management Specialist 

 Entomology Department 

 University of Massachusetts 



In November, 1980, Dr. David Ferro, Extension Vegetable Ent- 

 omologist and I participated in the third annual National Exten- 

 sion Workshop on organizing grower-owned 1PM organizations held 

 at Kansas City, Missouri. Our purpose in attending this meeting 

 was to familiarize ourselves with current model IPM organizations 

 in other states. This ivould enable us to present Massachusetts 

 growers with the numerous alternatives to implement IPM programs 

 in the absence of federal government funding. 



At this writing, apple growers are the sole commodity group 

 in Massachusetts participating in an IPM program. This program, 

 sponsored by the Cooperative Extension Service, and funded by a 

 5 year USDA grant has resulted in increased interest in IPM. 

 Growers have asked for aid in deciding how to continue to implement 

 IPM when Federal funding ends in September, 1982. Thus the intent 

 of this article is to present a discussion of a broad range of 

 potential considerations and options available so that Massachusetts 

 growers may decide which means of implementing IPM are best for their 

 unique conditions. 



\i}\y IPM ? Integrated Pest Management pilot programs are presently 

 operating in nearly every state in the union in crops as diverse as 

 fruit, cotton, soybeans, and alfalfa. Workshop participants agreed 

 that there are important short and long-term benefits from IPM and 

 that likely candidates for IPM are progressive farmers, farmers using 

 a multi-spray, calendar-based spray schedule, and crops which have 

 high pest control costs. 



