-10- 



Alternatively , individual scouts or consultants could purchase 

 Errors and Omission insurance through private vendors. The diffi- 

 culty here is that costs are so high, independents would probably 

 find it impossible to carry adequate insurance and still make any 

 money. 



It is apparent that there are numerous legal considerations and 

 optional organizational forms for growers interested in implementing 

 IPM practices on their farms. National Workshop participants con- 

 tinually stressed the need for careful planning of IPM organizations 

 utilizing skilled legal counsel, well in advance of anticipated 

 need. 



********** 



POMOLOGICAL PAR.'\GRAPH 



The Spread of San Jose Scale Revived Interest in Dwarf Apple Trees 

 in the Late 1800's . The influx of San Jose scale in Massachusetts 

 this past season brought to mind the fact that the rapid spread of 

 this insect in New York State during the late 1800's was respon- 

 sible for one of the periodic revivals of interest in dwarf apple 

 trees. At that tim.e it was expected that San Jose scale would 

 eventually spread throughout the fruit growing areas of the state 

 and that the spread probably could be controlled only by fumigating 

 trees under tents. Since it was thought that fum.igation of dwarf 

 trees might be feasible, fruit growers asked the New York State 

 Agricultural Experiment Station to determine if dwarf apple trees 

 could be grown profitably in commercial orchards. U.P. Hedrick 

 of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station said in 1915, "Had 

 it not been for this apprehension of grievous disaster from San 

 Jose scale it is doubtful if the fruit growers would have called for 

 the investigation, or the Station have voluntarily undertaken it". 

 Fortunately for commercial apple production but unfortunately for 

 continued interest in dwarf trees, lime-sulfur and oil, which were 

 introduced between 1907 and 1910, proved effective for the control 

 of San Jose scale. Development of dwarf trees therefore had to 

 wait until another crises threatened the industry many years later. 



********** 



A CHEMICAL BIRD REPELLENT FOR HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES 



F. W. Southwick 

 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences 



It is virtually impossible to produce a crop of highbush blue- 

 berries in the Northeast without providing protection from birds. 

 Consequently, successful producers of this crop have been forced 

 to completely enclose plantings with netting to insure the harvest 



