-16- 



Data in Table 2 suggests that the effectiveness of spheres in 

 capturing AMF is greatest when there is substantial fruit below 

 the sphere, and when the sphere is 25-50 cm from "the nearest 

 surrounding fruit and foliage, but no further away than this. Our 

 behavioral observations indicate that more AMF flights to fruit 

 originate from below fruit than from above, affirming the value of 

 placing a sphere in a position with substantial fruit below. While 

 our results suggest that clearing foliage and fruit increases sphere 

 visibility to AMF, too great a distance between a sphere and surround- 

 ing fruit or foliage may exceed the average distance of within-tree 

 movements or visual capabilities of AMF, making it difficult for 

 an AMF to detect a sphere. 



Conclusions 



Research conducted by Dr. W.H. Reissig of Geneva, NY on AMF 

 trap height and direction within a tree, combined with that presented 

 here, suggest that the most effective currently-available trap for 

 monitoring AMF in commercial apple orchards is a red sphere positioned 

 about 2 meters above ground toward the outside of the tree canopy, 

 with 25-50 cm of distance maintained between the trap and the near- 

 est foliage and fruit, but not further than 50 cm from abundant 

 (though not excessive) foliage and fruit. 



********** 



ORCHARD MOUSE BAITING AND VEGETATION 



Edward R. Ladd 

 U.S. D.I. Fish and Wildlife Service 



To be effective orchard mouse control materials have to be placed 

 so that mice can find them. With hand or machine bait placements this 

 is no problem. When baits are broadcast however, the condition of 

 grasses and other vegetation in the orchard can be very important. 



The question when to mow the orchard now has to be considered. 

 The best answer is to bait first and mow later. Mowed vegetation 

 particularly if it is tall and thick will fall in a mat and prevent 

 the broadcast bait from getting down to soil level where they are 

 most effective. 



This same matting effect under trees will be present shortly 

 after picking. In this case it will be caused by harvesting crews 

 working around and under the trees. For the broadcast baits to reach 



