on other occasions. These findings, combined with earlier work in Mass. and 

 New York showing that only about 10% of on-tree TPB injury results in fruit 

 downgrading, indicate that fruit culling or downgrading because of TPB 

 injury should be of relatively little economic importance this year. 



Some possible reasons for the above include: improved monitoring of 

 TPB activity, improved timing of TPB control sprays and/or substantial use 

 of pre-bloom pyrethroid sprays (87% of monitored private sector IPM blocks) 

 against TPB. Further, most TPB trap captures in Extension-monitored blocks 

 were at or before tight cluster, when most TPB injury is expected to be in 

 the form of aborted/abscised buds rather than fruit injury. 



European apple sawfly (EAS) injury was down somewhat, on average, com- 

 pared to 6-year levels. This was in spite of the finding that many growers 

 are delaying traditional petal fall insecticide sprays until plum curculio 

 entry into commercial blocks. Some blocks experienced elevated EAS injury 

 levels, perhaps because of pre-bloom insecticides, which normally provide a 

 measure of EAS control, were less effective in this regard in 1984 due to 

 excessive rainfall and early (about tight cluster) application of pre-bloom 

 sprays. 



San Jose scale (SJS) injury was also down in 1984. Improved monitoring 

 of problem blocks and increased use of chlorpyrifos (Lorsban*) for SJS 

 control were factors in this observed drop in injury. Diazinon continues to 

 provide excellent SJS control as well. Use of Penncap-M* against SJS was 

 down this season; only 5 permits were issued for its purchase and use. We 

 expect that these latter compounds will continue to have a role in SJS 

 control programs, particularly with regard to second generation SJS, when 

 Lorsban* use may not be possible (e.g. 28 day pre-harvest interval, and last 

 2 uses in a season may not be closer than 21 days apart). 



Plum curculio (PC) injury was up in 1984, including both early-season 

 injury and late season feeding injury as well. Frequent rainshowers during 

 the period of PC migration into commercial blocks may have reduced insec- 

 ticide residual protection, allowing higher PC injury, especially on block 

 peripheries. Late season PC feeding was particularly evident where early 

 season control was inadequate. Some growers experimenting with Lorsban* for 

 PC control experienced a relatively high amount of injury, further con- 

 firming earlier indications that this material should not be relied upon for 

 PC control . 



However, Lorsban* was very effective against green fruitworm (GFW) 

 populations, which earlier years' results indicated may be resistant to 

 organophosphate insecticides. The resulting improved control probably 

 accounts for marked decreased in GFW injury in problem blocks. 



Apple maggot fly (AMF) injury was low on average once again, perhaps 

 due to improved monitoring and timing of control sprays. First AMF capture 

 on red spheres was July 7 in an apparently early developing Ashfield block. 

 Peak AMF captures, as in previous years, occurred in August, with substan- 



*Trade name ~~~ 



