Table 1. Number of spray applications (A) and dosage equivalents (DE) of 

 pesticide used in Block C, University of Massachusetts Horticultural Research 

 Center, 1979-87. 



*Endosulfan used against green aphids but timed to coincide with first 

 summer generation LM adult flight. 



they are present in the orchard (most noticeably 

 in the third generation) and a nearby orchard has 

 experienced severe leafminer outbreaks and injury. 

 Fortunately, this pest has never exceeded action 

 thresholds, and no carbamate or pyrethroid 

 insecticide has been used in Block C. 



In addition to helping keep insecticide DE 

 below state IPM averages, the absence of 

 predator-harsh pesticide also has made mite 

 control relatively easy in this block, even though 

 Red Delicious predominate. The occasional late 

 outbreak of ERM, and resultbg egglaying, do not 

 appear to be something that annual oil 

 applications (Table 1), endemic mite predators, 

 and split applications of low miticide rates caimot 

 handle. 



Only in one year was any pre-bloom 

 insecticide appUed against TPB. Typically, the 

 first insecticide was applied at petal fall against 

 sawfly and curculio. An average of 1.6 spray 

 appUcations (range 1-2) were directed against 

 curcuUo. It seems clear that in some blocks at 

 least the 3, 4, or even 5 insecticide applications 

 some growers use against PC are not required. 



A likely contributing factor to the relative 

 ease of mite control in Block C is the relatively 

 low number of spray appUcations (avg. 1.6, range 

 1-3) used against AMF. In over half of the 

 years (57%), first capture of AMF on red sphere 

 traps was late enough, and trap captures low 

 enough, to enable excellent AMF control with 

 only 1 well-timed spray. Only once were 3 

 sprays needed, based on monitoring. 



