late May or early June against leafhoppers in problem 

 blocks provided good control and alleviated this poten- 

 tial problem. 



Pesticide Use Patterns 



Data in Table 5 show the average number of insec- 

 ticide and miticide treatments per block from April to 

 early June and from early June onward. On average, 

 each block type received 1.4 sprays of oil, 3.9 sprays of 

 insecticide, and 0.2 sprays of miticide from April to 

 early June. Thereafter, the second-stage blocks re- 

 ceived no insecticide or miticide, while the first-stage 

 blocks received an average of 2.8 insecticide and 1.5 

 miticide sprays. Overall, second-stage blocks received 



only 58% as many insecticide sprays and 12% as many 

 miticide sprays as first-stage blocks. Compared with 

 non-IPM apple pest management practices of the mid- 

 1970's, second-stage blocks received only 37% as many 

 insecticide sprays and 10% as many miticide sprays 

 (exclusive of oil). 



Cost Analysis 



Estimated costs per acre of first-stage versus sec- 

 ond-stage IPM practices employing apple maggot 

 interception traps are given in Table 6. Average annual 

 per acre costs over the 3 years were nearly identical for 

 both practices: $190 versus $186, respectively. Thus, 

 even under the labor-intensive practice of stickying, 



Fruit Notes, Winter, 1990 



