was because less mature females, having to feed 

 more often than mature ones, respond more 

 readily to food type stimuli. We believe that 

 many AMF in the test orchard originated from 

 fallen fruit within the orchard rather than hav- 

 ing immigrated into it from outside. Resident 

 AMF would have had more opportunity to 

 search for food in the vicinity of vials of ammonia 

 before becoming sexually mature. By chance 

 alone they may have alighted on an adjacent 

 sphere. 



Conclusion 



Together, our two years of results indicate 

 that a combination of one vial each of ammo- 

 nium carbonate and butyl hexanoate signifi- 

 cantly increases the number of alightings of 

 both female and male AMF on red spheres over 



the effects of two vials of butyl hexanoate alone 

 or two vials of ammonium carbonate alone. For 

 future employment of sticky red spheres to in- 

 tercept AMF on perimeter trees as a means of 

 control, we suggest using combined food and 

 apple odors as the baits and baiting each sphere 

 with one vial each of butyl hexanoate and am- 

 monium carbonate. Further research is neces- 

 sary, however, to develop an optimum method of 

 ammonia release without undue rapid break- 

 down of ammonium carbonate under conditions 

 of high humidity. 



Acknowledgement 



We thank Tom Clark for use of his orchard. 

 This work was supported by the Northeast Re- 

 gional Project on Integrated Management of 

 Apple Pests (NE-156). 



Fruit Notes, Fall, 1991 



