curculio, tarnished plant bug, European apple 

 sawfly, and green fruitworm was not signifi- 

 cantly different in full second-level blocks than 

 in nearby first-level blocks; in transitional sec- 

 ond-level blocks, only plum curculio injury was 

 slightly higher than in nearby first-level blocks. 

 Codling moth, leafroller, lesser appleworm and 

 San Jose scale levels remained low in all blocks. 

 Green apple aphids were controlled by predators 

 in both types of second-level blocks. Transi- 

 tional second-level IPM continues to appear to 

 be a viable first step for growers who wish to 

 manage insect and mite pests with reduced 

 orchard spray schedules. Our first year of trials, 

 however, has pointed out several areas needing 

 further work: interactions between mites and 

 mite predators, better knowledge of leafhopper 

 population dynamics, and the potential role of 

 spiders in providing some control of leafhoppers. 



After a full season of work, we are better-pre- 

 pared to address these issues and to assess the 

 long-term impact of second-level IPM over the 

 next three years. 



Acknowledgements 



This project was funded by the Massachu- 

 setts Society for Promoting Agriculture, the 

 USDA Northeast Regional IPM Competitive 

 Grants Program, and the Massachusetts Fruit 

 Growers Association. We gratefully acknowl- 

 edge this funding. We are also grateful for the 

 participation and support of the following grow- 

 ers: Bill Broderick, Bruce Carlson, Dave Chan- 

 dler, Dana Clark, Dick Gilmore, Tony Lincoln, 

 Wayne Rice, Tony Rossi, Joe Sincuk, Dave 

 Shearer, Tim Smith, Barry Wiles, and Bud 

 Wiles. 



Fruit Notes, Spring, 1992 



13 



