captures and PC damage in the following manner: (1) 

 1-10 days after an application of insecticide, (2) 11 -20 

 days after application, and (3) more than 20 days after 

 application. 



2002 Field study. In 2002 we evaluated four trap 

 types: (a) black cylinders, (b) small black pyramids, 

 (c) Circle traps made of aluminum screen and wrapped 

 entirely and tightly around tree trunks, and (d) Circle 

 traps as above but made of plastic screen. 



On May 24, just after petal fall, eight traps of each 

 type were deployed on apple trees located in a sprayed 

 section of the orchard that received an application of 

 Imidan® (as above). After application, all traps were 

 removed and deployed, along with unsprayed traps, 

 on branches (cylinders and small pyramids) or tree 

 trunks (Circle traps) of perimeter-row trees located in 

 an unsprayed section of the orchard. Traps were 

 deployed in pairs (i.e., one sprayed trap of one type 

 adjacent to one unsprayed trap of the same type). There 

 were eight replicates for each trap type and insecticide 

 regime. 



In 2002, all traps were baited with one 15 ml white 

 low-density polyethylene vial containing 15 ml of 

 benzaldehyde (release rate: ~10 mg per day) and one 

 dispenser releasing PC pheromone (~1 mg of 

 grandisoic acid per day). To protect benzaldehyde from 



sunlight and rainfall, each vial was hung by the neck 

 using a wire and placed inside an inverted plastic cup. 

 Each plastic cup was suspended from the tree trunk 

 using wire in such a way that its base was -10 cm above 

 each trap top. Each pheromone-releasing dispenser was 

 placed inside the trap top. Benzaldehyde and 

 pheromone dispensers were not replaced during the 

 study. 



All traps were inspected on a daily basis for 12 

 days after application of insecticide. On June 10, all 

 sprayed traps were removed and transported to the 

 sprayed section of the orchard, where they received a 

 second spray of Imidan®. Afterwards, traps were 

 deployed again in the unsprayed section of the orchard 

 but the position of each member of pair of sprayed and 

 unsprayed traps was inverted. 



This study differed from the 2001 study in that 1) 

 all traps were inspected on a daily basis for 12 days 

 after application of insecticide, and 2) we did not 

 inspect fruit to determine injury by PC. For presentation 

 of results, we organized data on PC captures in the 

 following manner: (1) 1-6 days after an application of 

 insecticide, (2) 7-12 days after application. 



Laboratory observations. Behavioral observations 

 were conducted in a laboratory during July 2000 and 

 July 2001 to assess the effects of insecticide application 



Fruit Notes, Volume 67, Fall, 2002 



