5.6 ft 



Pheroitione 

 dispenser 



Clear Plexigla& 

 sticky panel 



BEN-releasin* 



vial capped 



bv a CUD 



Black PV( 

 sleeve 



Permanent 

 bottom 



Figure 1. View of a panel and a pyramid trap used in the 2001 and 2002 studies to 

 evaluate synthetic odors for attractiveness to PCs. Traps were deployed in pairs in 

 close proximity (~lm) to woods to intercept immigrating PCs. 



Vials containing fruit volatiles were attached to 

 the lower edge of a panel using binder clips, whereas 

 one GA dispenser was attached to the upper edge of a 

 panel. For pyramid traps, both fruit volatile- and GA- 

 releasing dispensers were placed inside a boll weevil 

 frap top. Vials containing BEN were replaced every 2 

 weeks to maintain a consistent release rate. Vials 

 containing EFV and LEM, along with GA dispensers, 

 were replaced twice (3 and 6 weeks after trap 

 deployment). 



2002 Study. In 2002, we evaluated four different 

 amounts of BEN (0, 2.5, 10, and 40 mg/day), hereafter 

 referred to as no-BEN, low, medium, and high release 

 rates, respectively, and two amounts of GA ( 1 and 2 

 mg/day), hereafter referred to as low and high release 

 rates, respectively. The low release rate of BEN (-2.5 

 mg/day) was achieved by filling 1-ml low-density white 

 polyethylene vials with 1 ml of BEN (1 vial/trap), as 

 in 2001. The medium release rate (~10 mg/day) was 

 achieved by using one 15-ml low-density white 

 polyethylene vial filled with 15 ml of BEN (1 vial/ 

 frap). The high release rate (-40 mg/day) was achieved 

 by using four such 15-ml vials per trap. Since each 



pheromone 

 dispenser released 

 -1 mg of GA per 

 day, the high release 

 rate of GA (2 mg/ 

 day) was achieved 

 by using two GA 

 dispensers per trap. 

 In total, eight 

 treatments were 

 evaluated. Each was 

 replicated six times 

 for each trap type. 



In 2002, 

 besides using white 

 vials to protect BEN 

 from UV light, we 

 employed green 

 266-ml plastic cups 

 to provide additional 

 protection against 

 UV light and 

 rainfall. Each vial 

 containing BEN was 

 hung by its neck 

 from a wire and 

 positioned inside a plastic cup. For use with pyramid 

 traps, cups were hung in inverted position from the 

 end of a wooden pole (buried in the ground at a 45° 

 angle) in such a way that bases of cups were - 4 inches 

 above pyramid frap tops (see Figure 1). Depending on 

 the treatment, either one or four cups were attached to 

 each pole. Cups holding BEN-dispensing vials were 

 attached to the bottom edge of panels using wire and 

 steel binder clips. GA dispensers were attached to the 

 upper edge of panels using binder clips, or were placed 

 inside the inverted screen funnel capping pyramid traps. 

 All vials releasing BEN and all GA dispensers were 

 replaced once (four weeks after initial trap 

 deployment). 



Trap deployment. In both years, panel and pyramid 

 traps were deployed in pairs (1 yard apart) along the 

 periphery of the apple orchard, in close proximity (-1 

 yard) to woods. This approach allowed traps to 

 intercept PC adults presumably immigrating into the 

 orchard after overwintering in the woods. Each pair of 

 traps was baited with the same odor combination and 

 spaced 10 yards from other trap pairs on either side. 

 Traps were inspected for PC captures on a daily basis. 



14 



Fruit Notes, Volume 67, Fall, 2002 



