80 n 



60 



% 



'0 



PCs 40 



CAPTURED 



20 







H Plot A (managed) N= 14 

 D Plot B (unmanaged) N= 56 



Perimeter- 

 row 



(1) 



canopy- 

 edge 



(2) 



Alleyway Woods- 

 edge 



Woods- 

 interior 



(3) 



(4) 



(5) 



Figure 3. Distribution of PC overwintering that took place within two apple orchard plots in Massachusetts that 

 differed in type of weed management. For each plot, "N" refers to the total number of PCs captured across all (60) 

 emergence traps. 



caught low percentages of PCs (5-7%) relative to the 

 total number of PCs captured across all traps. For both 

 plots, no PCs were found in traps located in the 

 alleyways. 



Conclusions 



Based on our results, we conclude that (1) PCs 

 are able to overwinter inside apple orchards in 

 Massachusetts, and (2) extent of overwintering seems 

 to be influenced by type of weed management. Our 

 findings, when combined with those reported by 

 researchers in Quebec (e.g., LaFleur et al., 1987), 

 suggest that geographical zone along with weather 

 conditions prevalent in a given year, in particular during 

 late summer and early autumn when PCs seek 

 overwintenng sites, might also influence the distribution 

 of overwintering PCs. We plan to repeat this study in 



2004 to determine if results presented here are 

 consistent over a two-year period. 



A ckn a wledgm ents 



This study was supported with funds provided by a 

 USDA Northeast Regional IPM grant, a Hatch grant, 

 a grant from USDA Crops at Risk program, and the 

 New England Tree Fruit Research Committee. 



Literature Cited 



Lafleur, G, Hill, S.B., and Vincent, C. 1987. Fall 

 migration, hibernation site selection, and associated 

 winter mortality of plum curculio (Coleoptera: 

 Curculionidae) in a Quebec apple orchard. Journal of 

 Economic Entomology 80: 1 152-1 1 72. 



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Fruit Notes, Volume 69, Winter, 2004 



