is by means of mark-capture studies using odor-baited 

 traps. 



Here, our objectives were to detemiine (1) the 

 distance from which odor-baited traps are attractive to 

 overwintered PCs immigrating into an apple orchard 

 block from forested areas; (2) the relative attractiveness 

 of odor-baited traps to PCs immigrating from woods 

 versus PCs already present on orchard trees; and (3) 

 the extent of back-and-forth PC movement between 

 orchard trees and woods as determined by trap captures. 

 In this article, we also discuss the findings presented 

 in the preceding Fruit Notes article, in relation to the 

 female maturity stage and mating status of the PC 

 females captured by odor-baited traps over a 5-year 

 period. 



Materials & Methods 



This study was conducted during 2002 and 2004 

 at the University of Massachusetts Cold Spring Orchard 

 Research & Education Center located in Belchertown, 

 MA. 



The first two questions were addressed in 2002. 



For the 2002 study we used adult PCs that were raised 

 from infested fruit collected in Amherst area in the 

 summer of 2001 and kept over the winter in plastic 

 containers with a layer of soil (5 inches), overlaid by 5 

 inches of maple leaves. Containers were then buried 

 into the gi'ound outdoors and protected from rainfall. 

 Before being overwintered, adult PCs were separated 

 by sex and marked on the elytra with different color 

 combinations using acrylic paint. 



Of the 938 color-marked PCs that were recovered 

 in the spring of 2002 after overwintering, 168 were 

 released beneath 12 perimeter-row trees (14 PCs per 

 tree) next to the tree trunks, and 770 PCs were released 

 in the woods, at 3, 6, 12, and 24 yards from the woods 

 edge (Figure 1). Color-marked PCs were released in 

 the woods in the northern, southern, and western areas 

 of the orchard block. Within each release area, 16 

 different release points of about 48 color-marked PCs 

 each were established (Figure 1). Overwintered PCs 

 were not fed prior to release. For the releases, each 

 group of PCs was placed on the ground after removing 

 some leaves and then were covered with a boll weevil 

 trap top that was slightly buried into the ground. This 



10 



Fruit Notes, Volume 69, Fall, 2004 



