protected PCs from potential predators and at the same 

 time allowed them to exit from the open end of the 

 funnel whenever they chose to do so. To assess the 

 extent of response of wood-released versus orchard- 

 released PCs to synthetic odors, 48 panel and 48 

 pyramid traps were baited with benzaldehyde 

 (attractive synthetic host plant odor) in association with 

 grandisoic acid (attractive PC pheromone). Traps were 

 deployed at the periphery of the orchard block and were 

 inspected for PC captures on a -daily basis for a 8- 

 week period starting on May 16 (at bloom). 



Our third question, concerning the extent to which 

 PCs exhibit some sort of back-and-forth movement 

 between orchard trees and woods, was addressed in 

 2004 in a straightforward way by putting sticky on both 

 sides of 14 panel traps deployed along the periphery 

 of the orchard block. We then contrasted numbers of 

 wild PCs captured on a daily basis in the wood-facing 

 side or in the orchard-facing side of the panels. 



Results 



For the first question. Figure 2 shows that the 



greater capture rates (13.4%) of color-marked PCs 

 occurred for PCs released 3 yards from the traps (which 

 also correspond to the wood's edge). Fewer PCs were 

 captured as the distance from traps (i.e., woods edge) 

 progressed. A capture rate of 5.1% was achieved for 

 PCs released 24 yards inside the woods. 



For the second question, Figure 3 reveals that, 

 without taking into account the distance at which color- 

 marked PCs were released inside the woods, 

 substantially more PCs (almost seven times more) were 

 captured by panel and pyramid traps when they were 

 released from the woods (7.9%) on average) than from 

 orchard trees (1 .2%o). 



For the third question, Figure 4 shows that before 

 petal fall, most wild PCs were captured by the woods- 

 facing side of panel traps and very few PCs were 

 captured in the back of panels. However, during and 

 about 2 weeks after petal fall, PC captures in the back 

 of panels increased substantially, suggesting that during 

 this period there were high rates of back-and-forth 

 movement between woods and orchard trees. PC 

 captures beyond the 2-week period after petal fall 

 period were in general low. 



ORCHARD 

 TREES 



1 



7.9% 



WOODS 



Figure 3. For the 2002 study, overall capture rates (in %, shown inside the arrows) of 

 color-marked PCs released in the woods (n= 770) and beneath perimeter-row trees (n= 

 168). 



Fruit Notes, Volume 69, Fall, 2004 



11 



