viii CONTENTS 



PASS 



IV. The Work of Stems 112 



V. Wood Structure in its Relation to Industrial Uses . 118 



VI. Forestry 124 



Field Work 128 



CHAPTER V. BUDS AND BRANCHES 



I. Modes of Branching 131 



IT. Buds 138 



III. The Branching of Flower Stems 141 



Field Work 145 



CHAPTER VI. THE LEAF 



I. The Typical Leaf and its Parts 147 



II. The Veining and Lobing of Leaves 154 



III. Transpiration 160 



IV. Anatomy of the Leaf 164 



V. Food Making 168 



VI. The Leaf an Organ of Respiration 174 



VII. The Adjustment of Leaves to External Relations . 177 



VIII. Modified Leaves 18t> 



Field Work 194 



CHAPTER VTL THE FLOWER 



I. Dissection of Types with Superior Ovary 



U. Dissection of Types with Inferior Ovary 



III. Study of a Composite Flower 



IV. Specialized Flowei!s 

 V. Function and Work of the Flower 



VI. Hybridization 



VII. Plant Breeding .... 

 VIII. Ecology of the Flower 



A. The Prevention of Self-pollination 



B. Wind Pollixation 



C. Insect Pollination .... 



D. Protective Adaptation 



flET.p Work ....-,, 



204 

 210 

 214 

 210 

 22;? 

 230 



285 

 239 

 241 

 245 

 249 



