BUDS AND BRANCHES 



139 



Fig. 159. — Expand- 

 ing bud of English wal- 

 nut, showing twice con- 

 duplicate vernation. 



Fig. 160. — a 

 partly expanded 

 leaf of beech, 

 showing plicate- 

 conduplicate 

 vernation. 



many different ways, according to the shape 

 and texture of the leaf and 

 the space available for it in 

 the bud. When doubled back 

 and forth like a fan, or crum- 

 pled and folded as in the 

 buckeye, horse-chestnut, and 

 maple, the vernation is plicate 

 (Figs. 160, 162). 



156. Position of the flower 

 cluster. — What do you find 

 within the circle of leaves? 

 Examine one of the smaller 

 axillary buds, and see if you find the same object within it. 

 If you are in any doubt as to what this object is, examine 

 a bud that is more expanded, and you will have no difficulty 

 in recognizing it as a rudimentary flower 

 cluster. Notice its position with refer- 

 ence to the scales and leaves. If at the 

 center of the bud, it will, of course, termi- 

 nate its axis when the 

 bud expands, and the 

 growth of the branch 

 will culminate in the 

 flower. The branching 

 of any kind of stem 

 that bears a central 

 flower cluster must, 

 then, be of what order ? 

 Compare your draw- 

 ings with the section of 

 a hyacinth bulb, or 

 jonquil, and note the 

 similarity in position 

 of the flower clusters. 

 In a bud of the hick- 



162 



Figs. 161, 162. — Buds 

 of maple : 161, vertical 

 BBction of a twig ; 162, 

 cross section through 

 bud, showing folded 

 leaves in center and scales 

 surrounding them. 



Fig. 163. -Ver- 

 tical section of hick- 

 ory bud: a, furry in- 

 ner scales ; /;, outer 

 scales ; I, folded leaf ; 

 r, receptacle. 



