THE FLOWER 



207 



225. The vertical order, — The difference in vertical 

 arrangement is an important one. Bear in mind that flowers 

 of this type have the ovary inferior, that is, inserted under 

 the other organs (Figs. 296, 304), which are then said to be 

 superior, or epigynous, a word which, as you know from the 

 prefix epi (47), means over or above the pistil. To make the 

 matter clear, the two sets of terms employed for describing 

 the position of the ovary are given below in parallel columns: 



Hypogynous 



Ovary superior 



Calyx or perianth inferior 



Epigynous 



Ovary inferior 



Calyx or perianth superior 



The epigynous arrangement is considered as marking a 

 higher stage of floral development than the hypogynous, 

 which is characteristic of a more 

 simple and primitive structure. 



226. Dissection of a dicotyl 

 flower. — Sketch a blossom of 

 quince or apple, fuchsia, evening 

 primrose, etc., first from the out- 

 side, then from the inside, and 

 then in vertical section, labeling 

 the parts as in 

 your other 

 sketches. No- 

 tice in the pear 

 or apple how 

 the ovary is 

 sunk in the 

 hollowed-out 

 receptacle. 

 Where are the 

 other parts 



attached ? Are they inferior or superior ? Hold up a petal 

 to the light and examine its venation through a lens. (Use 

 for this purpose a petal from a flower that has stood in red 

 ink for two or three hours.) Is it parallel-veined or net- 



Fius. 295-296. — Evening primrose, dicotyl flower with in- 

 ferior ovary : 295, exterior view ; 296, longitudinal section, 

 showing vertical arrangement of parts. 



