DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 51 



feeding, debility, etc., and shows a great tendency to 

 extend up into the sinuses, which are of great size in the 

 ox, running up and extending into the flints or external 

 orbital processes, and up to the frontal crest. 



Symptoms. — The symptoms vary in accordance with the 

 part or parts affected. There is a nasal discharge. When 

 the external orbital process is affected, the head is carried 

 on one side ; on tapping the root of the horn, pain is 

 evinced ; a bulging out may also be observed at the root of 

 the horn, or there may be a bulging of the sinus. 



Treatment. — Trephine at the root of the horn, and allow 

 the contained pus to escape, and it may be necessary to 

 remove the horn in cases where it is diseased to a consider- 

 able extent. This disease is what gave rise to the imaginary 

 disease of hollow-horn, which exists only in the imagination 

 of ignorant people. As a matter of fact the horn is always 

 hollow, and the older the animal becomes, the more the 

 hollow within the horn increases in size. After tre- 

 phining, inject and keep the diseased parts clean, using 

 tepid water for the purpose. Tonics and stimulants, with 

 a nourishing diet, good nursing, etc., will usually complete 

 the cure. Occasionally as much as a quart of foetid pus 

 may be contained within the sinuses. In well-bred cattle 

 this accumulation of pus is in all probability connected to a 

 certain extent with tuberculosis. 



Laryngitis. — This disease, as it occurs amongst cattle, is 

 about the same as in the horse, and presents about the 

 same symptoms, and requires the same treatment, except 

 that medicinal agents are to be administered in slightly 

 larger doses ; and counter-irritants, to take effect on the 

 thick skin of the ox, must be made considerably stronger 

 than those prescribed for the horse. 



Pharyngitis. — This disease seldom exists as an indepen- 

 dent affection, being usually associated with laryngitis, con- 



4—2 



