116 THE PRACTICE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



object which he may have about his dress, such as a scarf- 

 pin, bright button, or other article likely to cause a reflection 

 from the eye of the patient, and thereby mislead the examiner. 

 The test may be applied without using belladonna. In such 

 casesthe practitioner should notice the amount of contraction 

 of the pupil, and compare it with its fellow of the opposite 

 side. Also, if the eye be healthy, the images or reflections 

 of the lighted candle may be observed as follows : On 

 moving the light from side to side, there may be observed 

 an erect image, which is reflected from the surface of the 

 cornea. This image moves in the same direction as the 

 candle. A second image may also be seen, which is also erect, 

 and moves in the same direction the candle moves in. This 

 is reflected from the anterior surface of the crystalline lens. 

 A third image, which is inverted, and moves in a direction 

 opposite to that in which the candle is being moved, is seen 

 reflected from the posterior surface of the lens. In the pre- 

 sence of cataract, the latter image (and sometimes the second 

 one also) is rendered indistinct or wholly invisible. The 

 eye may also be examined by taking the horse into the 

 light, say to the stable-door, and placing a dark shade, as a 

 hat, over his eye for a minute or two, after which remove it 

 suddenly and observe the efl'ect of the light on the pupillary 

 openings both of the suspected and the sound eye, com- 

 paring the two. A cataract brought into view by the 

 ophthalmoscope looks like a dark blue or almost black spot. 

 Cataract may possibly be developed in ten or fifteen days, 

 but it nearly always takes much longer. 



Treatment is useless, as it is incurable in the horse. 



AMAUROSIS. 



This condition is also known by the names 'gutta 

 Serena' and 'glass-eye,' and consists of a partial or com- 

 plete loss of vision as a result of paralysis of the optic 



