INJURIES TO THE UPPER EYELID. 123 



eyelid may happen iu several ways — as by animals fighting, 

 or striking a hook or nail, and lacerating the lid. 



Treatment. — It is advisable to be as conservative as 

 possible in a case of this kind. Bring the lacerated edges 

 together, taking care that they are in perfect apposition. 

 Save the torn parts as much as possible, cutting away 

 nothing that can be retained. In suturing, use fine silk 

 thread and a small needle, such as is used in human 

 surgery. Having brought the parts together, prescribe 

 cold-water dressings if it is during summer-time, or warm- 

 water if it is in the winter-time. Order the animal to be 

 tied in such a way as to prevent him being able to scratch 

 the part or bring it into contact with any hard substance, 

 otherwise he will be likely to scratch and re-open the 

 wound. The ordinary cooling and astringent lotions may 

 be used afterwards. Occasionally after such an injury 

 there may be slight opacity of the cornea. 



Membrana Nictitans. — Irritation or inflammation of the 

 membrana nictitans sometimes comes under notice, being 

 manifested by swelling, redness, etc. 



Treatment. — Use warm applications, as poultices, fomenta- 

 tions, etc., to allay irritation ; after which cold applications 

 will be useful. 



Membrana Nictitans (Ulceration of). — Ulceration of the 

 membrana nictitans constitutes a troublesome condition, 

 and in cases where it becomes diseased to such an extent 

 that it cannot be healed, it becomes necessary to remove 

 a portion ; or in certain extremely rare cases it may be 

 necessary to remove the whole of it. It should never be 

 removed except in cases where there is no alternative. It 

 is then to be removed with scissors or knife, after having 

 first secured the membrana with a hook, tenaculum, or 

 other suitable instrument. 



Ductus Lachrymalis. — The most common disease of this 



