124 THE PRACTICE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



duct is thickening of the mucous membrane ; or obstruc- 

 tion of the duct may- exist from some other cause. 



Si/mjyfoms. — The symptoms are very plain, to one who is 

 acquainted with the situation and functions of the duct. 

 There is considerable irritation of the eye, and a flow of 

 tears, which excoriate the cheek, causing the hair to fall 

 out. There may also be a discharge of pus, which collects 

 at the inner canthus. On elevating the head, the pus will 

 be observed, as a rule, to flow backwards. 



Treatment.- — The duct is to be injected. Some attempt 

 to inject it from above. This is, however, very difficult, 

 and is usually a failure. The best and most effectual way 

 is to inject the duct from its lower opening, which is 

 situated in the false nostril. Use a syringe, preferably o 

 hard rubber ; using tepid water for the first injection, after 

 which a mild astringent may be injected, as zinci sulphas 

 grs. v.; aquse 31. 



Imperforate Duct. — This is congenital. In most cases 

 the colt is a couple of years old before professional advice is 

 sought respecting the trouble. 



Symptoms. — There is considerable irritation present, 

 accompanied by a flow of tears, and a purulent discharge 

 which runs freely over the cheek when the head is elevated ; 

 and, on making an examination, it is found that there is no 

 duct, or that the opening is closed by mucous membrane. 

 For the former condition, as a rule, nothing can be done, 

 except that an artificial opening may be made, allowing the 

 tears to flow out over the cheek. If closed with mucous 

 membrane, remove it. 



Ectropium, or Eversion of the Eyelid. — This condition is 

 common amongst dogs, and occurs as a result of distemper. 



Treatment. — The treatment consists of scarifying the con- 

 junctiva, after which caustics are to be applied at intervals 

 of three or four days. AYhere this treatment fails, it becomes 



