ECTROPIUM AND ENTROPIUM. 125 



necessary to excise an elliptical-shaped portion of the con- 

 junctival membrane, using the curved scissors for the pur- 

 pose, after which use fomentations, astringents, etc. 



Entropium, or Inversion of the Eyelid. — This is exactly 

 the opposite of ectropium, the eyelid being doubled in 

 instead of turned outwards. 



Treatment — A portion of the skin of the eyelid must be 

 excised in such a manner as to remove the surplus, so that 

 when the wound heals the eyelid will be effectually retained 

 in its proper place. 



Trichiasis. — The eyelashes grow inwards, irritating the 

 eye. Districhiasis is the opposite condition. Treat the 

 same as entropium. 



CHAPTER VII. 

 Diseases of the Nervous System. 

 ENCEPHALITIS. 



DefinUion. — Inflammation of the brain as a whole. The 

 condition is also known as phrenitis, which is not such a good 

 name, except that it describes the symptoms better, the animal 

 as a rule being frenzied or furious. It may not be out of 

 place to remark here that some of the very obscure diseases 

 of cattle, sheep, and pigs, if examined carefully, would prob- 

 ably prove to be aff'ections of the nervous system. 



Causes. — The causes of encephalitis are not always 

 apparent. However, it occurs sometimes as a result of an 

 injury, as a concussion, causing congestion and inflammation 

 of the brain. Exposure to the sun, more particularly if the 

 animal has suffered previously from sunstroke, will cause 

 the malady. It may be owing in some cases to the charac- 

 ter of the food. In some instances it is developed without 

 any appreciable cause. In all cases the practitioner should 

 endeavour to find out the cause of the trouble if possible. 



