INFLAMMATION. 165 



usually a prominent, but not an invariable sign of in- 

 flammation. It is due to an engorged state of the blood- 

 vessels of the parts affected, or to exudation. As a rule, 

 swelling is to be regarded as a favourable symptom when 

 occurring in inflammation, as it aff'ords relief, allaying pain, 

 etc., except when occurring in connection with the sensitive 

 laminae and similar parts. Inflammation occurs in two 

 forms, known as the ' sthenic ' and ' asthenic ' forms. The 

 sthenic type in inflammation is usually seen in vigorous 

 animals, and may possibly occur in an animal in ordinary 

 condition, but very seldom, if ever, occurs in an animal in a 

 poor or debilitated condition, the asthenic type being the 

 one usually met with in the latter class of animal, more 

 particularly if the aff^ection be one of the lungs. Inflamma- 

 tion is further subdivided into chronic, acute, subacute, 

 local, diffused, and specific, this latter form being caused by 

 the presence of some animal or blood poison in the circula- 

 tion. A full, bounding pulse generally accompanies inflamma- 

 tion of a ' sthenic ' type ; the asthenic type is generally seen 

 in lung diseases of an epizootic and depressing character, 

 and pulse usually weak. The results of inflammation are 

 resolution, adhesion, effusion, suppuration, ulceration, and 

 mortification, or gangrene. In ' resolution ' the part is re- 

 stored to its natural condition in delitescence, some soothing 

 application is applied, and the inflammation is allayed very 

 quickly. The exudation may solidif}^, in which case applica- 

 tions are to be made to break down the structure, and as a 

 liquid it may be got rid of. 'Adhesive inflammation' is where 

 there is inflammatory action, and the exciting causes, as exer- 

 cise, etc., are kept up until a permanent thickening of the 

 affected part results. ' Effusion ' is where an exudation of 

 serum takes place, as in inflammation of the pleurae, etc. 

 ' Suppuration ' is usually regarded as a favourable result of 

 inflammation, as it is a curative process. ' Circumscribed ' 



