INJURIES, ETC., BELOW THE KNEE. 273 



damage. The form just described is of most frequent 

 occurrence during winter, the cold weather exerting a 

 prejudical effect in such cases, as often the bruise, simple 

 in itself, if frostbitten, constitutes a very serious condition. 

 Constitutional symptoms are often presented, as iinorexia, 

 heightened pulse, etc., in such a case. The contusion in its 

 simple form should be treated by hot or cold applications, 

 poultices, '^etc, after which anodyne and astringent lotions 

 will be found useful. Hot or irritating liniments should 

 never be used, and while using the animal the part should 

 be protected by a suitable boot. Shoe with light shoes, and 

 rasp the opposite hoof down on the inside. Thickening of 

 the tissues is to be treated with ungt. iodi. 



OPEN BURSA. 



Wound of the Bursa of a Tendon is a very serious 

 condition, but is not by any means of as grave a character 

 as open joint. 



Causes. — A bursa may be opened in many ways, but 

 is generally opened by direct injury, as falling, snagging 

 •entrance of the prong of a pitch -fork, etc. 



Symptoms. — There is an oily discharge like synovia, and 

 sometimes it is difficult to state positively whether it 

 is a bursa or a joint that is opened. Pus forms after awhile, 

 and flows from the wound ; the animal persistently stands. 

 In some cases there may be severe constitutional symptoms 

 manifested, as heightened temperature, increased pulse, 

 anorexia, etc. 



Treatment. — If necessary, the animal may be placed in 

 slings. Poultices are to be applied to the injured parts — 

 -flour and oatmeal, in equal parts, making a very good 

 mixture, tending to coagulate and arrest the flow of bursal 

 fluid. Cooling medicine, as diuretics, may be given, and, if 

 •thought necessary, a mild laxative may be administered. 



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