432 THE PRACTICE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



It is essential that the animals be placed upon a very dry 

 pasture, and watered from wells of considerable depth, to 

 obviate the possibility of a further acquisition of parasites. 

 As tonics, ferri sulphat., sodium chlorid., gentianse, etc., may 

 be given with benefit. In making a diagnosis, the practitioner 

 should not omit an examination of the faeces for the presence 

 of the parasite, or the ova, in a case of doubt. In Australia, 

 where there was formerly much of this disease, there is 

 now very little on account of the pastures being burnt 

 over. The disease exists on the American continent, but 

 so far has done very little harm. 



BILIARY CALCULI. 



Biliary calculi occasionally exist in connection with some 

 of the ducts, and are formed in the same manner as 

 calculi occurring in any other part of the body. They do 

 not occur with as great frequency among the lower animals 

 as amongst the members of the human family. They are 

 most likely to occur in an animal receiving a large supply 

 of highly stimulating food, and insufficiently exercised. 

 When present in large numbers, they give rise to pain of a 

 most excruciating character, and cause more or less dilatation 

 of the ducts, obstructing the flow of bile, etc. Occasionally 

 they may exist in large numbers, without giving the slight- 

 est indication of their presence, apparently giving rise to 

 no inconvenience whatever. Such cases, however, are rare. 

 There is generally more or less indigestion, slight gastric 

 irritation, and a yellowish tinge of the mucous membranes. 

 The presence of the calculi may cause ulceration of the 

 duct. 



Treatment. — The animal should be given a course of 

 mineral acids. Acid hydrochlor., 3ii. — 3iii., well diluted, 

 should be given two or three times daily. The diet should 



