456 THE PRACTICE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



at regular intervals. A result of nephritis is the formation 

 of pus. Atrophy, hypertrophy, etc., also occur as results 

 of nephritis. 



HYPERTROPHY. 



An abnormal enlargement of one or both kidneys is a 

 condition more frequently met with in the ox than any 

 other animal. In some cases one kidney may be hyper- 

 trophied, and its fellow atrophied. The kidney may 

 attain an enormous size, and the condition exist for a 

 considerable length of time, without any sign of disease 

 being presented. As a rule, the various diseases of the 

 kidneys are very difficult to diagnose ; but, when one or 

 both kidneys become enlarged to a great extent, certain 

 general symptoms are manifested, which may lead to an 

 examination per rectum, when the condition, if well 

 marked, may be readily discovered. A case is on record 

 in which the kidney weighed fifty pounds ; and Percivall 

 mentions a case in which the kidney weighed upwards of 

 one hundred and twelve pounds. 



Treatment. — Treatment is not of much avail as a rule ; 

 still, benefit may accrue from the administration of sodse 

 carb. and the mineral acids, to combat the tendency to the 

 deposition of calcareous material. 



Atrophy may be treated in the same way, with the addi- 

 tion of nerve and diffusible stimulants, and counter-irritation 

 externally. 



Melanosis. — Melanotic deposits in connection with the 

 kidneys are by no means uncommon, especially among grey 

 horses. 



The general symptoms are those of kidney disease, the 

 diagnosis being assisted in many cases by the presence of 

 melanotic tumours on various parts of the body. 



Treatment, — Very little can be done in the way of treat- 



