468 THE PRACTICE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



only soft water to drink, and hydrochloric acid should be 

 administered in large doses; the bladder may also be in- 

 jected with tepid water and hydrochloric acid. The 

 removal of calculi from cows and mares is an operation 

 performed with comparative ease as follows : the meatus 

 urinarius and urethra being dilated, the forceps, well-oiled, 

 may be passed in, and a very large deposit removed without 

 having recourse to the knife. Sabulous deposits are more 

 common in mares, and may be removed by injections into 

 the bladder, or by inserting a spoon and scooping it out. 



Symptoms of Urethral Calculi — Tlie animal has great diffi- 

 culty in urinating, and performs the act with great strain- 

 ing and groaning, and sometimes there is a very perceptible 

 bulging out of the perinrenm. 



Treatment. — Thetreatment consists of injecting the urethra 

 with warm water, and endeavouring to displace the calculus 

 by manipulation ; if this fails the offending agent must be 

 cut down upon, and removed, the wound closed, and treated 

 as an ordinary wound. 



Fossa Navicularis. — An accumulation of mucus or 

 sabulous matter frequently takes place in the fossa navicu- 

 laris, and in many cases causes serious obstruction to the 

 flow of urine ; the penis and sheath are in such cases found 

 very dirty. This condition is most common amongst geldings, 

 as they do not protrude the penis to the same extent as 

 stallions do. The treatment consists of removing the sabu- 

 lous matter, and washing the penis and sheath thoroughly 

 with warm water, after which a little lard may be applied 

 to the parts ; geldings especially should be frequently exa- 

 mined, and these parts cleansed. It is usually noticed that 

 more or less swelling of the sheath follows washing, but 

 this should excite no fear, as it will disappear in a short 

 time. 



Hsematuria, or Bloody Urine. — Frequently hematuria is 



