CHRONIC GLANDERS. 481 



exists to a considerable extent in those parts of the country 

 where itinerant horse-traders or gipsies operate. 



SijmiJtoms. — Chronic glanders is the most common form 

 of glanders, and is of tenest seen in old and debilitated ani- 

 mals. It is one of the most insidious of all diseases, and 

 an animal may suffer for months without showing any 

 well-marked symptoms, and while in this condition may 

 communicate the disease to as many horses as come in con- 

 tact with him. The animal may suffer for two or three 

 years, remain in good condition, and work during that time. 

 The disease is always ushered in with a chill, which may or 

 may not be well-marked, in many cases being so slight as 

 to escape observation ; at this time slight dulness may also 

 be noticed, the animal heat rises to 101° F., or in some 

 cases the thermometer may show the temperature to be as 

 high as 103° F., but if it passes the latter point the case 

 becomes one of acute glanders. In a short time there may 

 usually be observed a comparatively slight nasal defluxion. 

 The discharge usually issues from but one nostril, although it 

 may issue from both in some cases; when it is from one nostril 

 only, it is almost invariably the left nostril in America and in 

 Britain, while in France it is almost invariably from the right 

 nostril, a circumstance forwhich no explanation has ever been 

 offered. The discharge is at first of a sort of greenish ap- 

 pearance, but may change to yellow or white ; it is very 

 viscid, sticking tenaciously to anything it comes in contact 

 with ; it adheres closely around the nostrils, in a manner 

 very similar to the discharge of nasal gleet, but, if anything, 

 is more viscid and adheres more closely. It contains albu- 

 men in large quantities, and on being thrown into water 

 readily sinks. This is a test upon which a great deal of 

 reliance is placed ; still, it should not be accepted as conclu- 

 sive evidence that the case is one of glanders. No oil 

 globules can be found in the discharge from the nostrils. As 



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