SECURING OXEN. THE CRADLE, ETC. 19 



from kicking either with the fore or hind hmbs. Many horses 

 when thus secured he down without strugghng. To secure the 

 hind hmbs hobbles are apphed to the pasterns, from each of 

 which a broad band of webbing is carried towards the centre of 

 the chest from within outwards around the forearm under the 

 preceding portion and verticahy upwards over the withers. The 

 two pieces of webbing may then be tied together. 



Hess describes many very useful ways of fixing oxen, of which the 

 best are shown in the accompanying illustrations (Figs. 32, 33, and 34). 



Among other means of restraint must be numbered the side- 

 stick (Fig. 35), a cylindrical well-rounded stick of elm or other tough 

 wood fixed at one end to the head-collar and at the other to the 



Fig. 36. — The " cradle " or " beads." 



surcingle, thus limiting the movement of the head and neck. A 

 somewhat similar result is obtained by the use of the " cradle " 

 (Fig. 36). 



"The stocks," or " trevis," is so well known as scarcely to 

 require description here. It was used in classic Greece. It 

 renders good service in certain operations, but is too clumsy, 

 too little adaptable, and too large for many purposes. Farriers 

 still use it for shoeing, and country practitioners for operations 

 on oxen and on heavy horses. 



All vaccine institutes and most foreign veterinary schools and 

 veterinary hospitals now contain some form of table for controlling 

 horses during operation. 



