SECURING SMALL ANIMALS. 41 



open. A kind of twitch applied to the jaws is also used. x\nother 

 method is as follows : — Two men grasp the pig by the ears ; when the 

 animal cries, a slip-knot, formed on the end of a stout cord, is passed 

 into the mouth and fastened to the upper jaw as near as possible 

 to the commissure, behind the tusks. The cord is then fastened 



Fig. 64. — Casting an ox; first position. 



to any high point or to a ring, and the head drawn into a position 

 of forced extension. The animal cannot possibly escape. 



The dog is either muzzled or the jaws fastened together by a piece 

 of tape passed around them and tied behind the ears. It is then easily 

 handled and secured on the operating table. Several operating tables 

 have been invented for dogs. In Professor Bayer's clinique the table is 

 a shallow glass trough about 3 feet 6 inches long and 15 inches across, 

 with an aperture for drainage, and suitable connections at the lowest 



Fig. 65. — Casting an ox; second position. 



point. This is surrounded by a detachable metal frame, the lower 

 surface of which carries a series of hooks at one-inch intervals for 

 fastening the cords by which the animal is secured. In the very 

 excellent clinique for small animals at Berlin, presided over, at the date 

 of the writer's period of study, by Prof. Frohner, the table is of similar 



