62 OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE. 



Monkevs may be placed in a close cage covered with a cloth, 

 and containing in one corner a tampon of cotton wool saturated 

 with chloroform. The animal at first struggles, and then begins 

 to fall about the cage or to lean against the walls, at which stage 

 it is removed ; if the operation lasts for some time a further 

 inhalation is given. 



Birds may be placed under a bell-jar containing a sponge or 

 cotton-wool tampon saturated with chloroform. One edge of the 

 jar may be slightly raised to allow air to enter. Hering states 

 that birds may be hypnotised by placing the head under one of 

 the wings, and then rapidh- turning the bird's body several times 

 around its long axis. 



Conclusions regarding General Anaesthesia. — The above 

 conclusions may be summarised as follows : 



1. For horses the best anaesthetic is chloroform (inhaled) in 

 doses of I to 8 fluid ounces ; average dose, say, 3 ounces. 



2. For oxen : chloral hydrate, in doses of 12 to 20 drachms, or 

 whisky, brandy, or spirit in doses of i to 2 pints. 



3. For sheep, goats, and swine : chloroform (inhaled) in doses 

 of 24 to 5 drachms. 



4. For dogs and cats : morphine (subcutaneously) in doses o 

 •75 to 1*5 grains, or equivalent doses of morphine and atropine, 

 followed by inhalations of ether, chloroform alone given in small, 

 carefully-increased doses, or mixtures of chloroform with ether, 

 alcohol, or oil of turpentine. 



Surgical An.esthesia by the Injection of Cocaine into the 

 Lumbar Subarachnoid Space.* 



The event of the surgical 3-ear igoo in Paris was undoubtedly 

 the impetus given by Tuffier to the method of inducing anaesthesia 

 by medullary injections of cocaine, a suggestion previously made and 

 acted upon by Bier, of Kiel, Seldowitsch, of Russia, and Corning, 

 of Chicago. Tuffier was first led to use it as a means of relief in the 

 case of a young man suffering from an inoperable osteosarcoma of the 

 ilium whom morphia failed to relieve. The result of the injection of 

 cocaine was striking. The patient, who was cr"Ouching down in the 

 position of greatest ease, felt the pain disappear in a few minutes, and 

 was even able to rise. There was at the same time absolute anaesthesia 

 reaching to the umbilicus. Unfortunately the relief lasted only a few 



* See ' Lancet,' January I2th, 1901. 



