ROWELS, ISSUES, OR PLUGS. iii 



ensiform cartilage, although other places, such as the forehead, 

 cheeks, jugular furrow, side of the neck, front of the chest, 

 shoulder, abdomen, and even the hoof were sometimes selected. 

 In cattle the dewlap is usually preferred. 



The horse was twitched, and a fore-foot lifted or the hind foot 

 secured ; an incision was then made at the spot chosen, the skin 

 separated from the subcutaneous tissue to form a pocket, and the 

 issue inserted. When the issue was inserted at a point where the 

 surface of the body was nearly vertical, the skin was separated 

 from below upwards in order to prevent pocketing and accumulation 

 of pus. The fragment of leather was usually circular in shape, 

 and covered with tow smeared with some irritant. It was doubled 

 before being inserted, and afterwards flattened out to prevent its 

 escaping from the incision. 



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