74 PRESENT-DAY RATIONALISM 



that man has assumed, as Prof. Church points out, 

 the position of the Directivity in the living organism ; 

 or as we say, Life. If protoplasm once artificially made 

 could spring into life, and the electrical machine set up 

 electricity of itself, as soon as made, some analogy 

 might be drawn, but no more electricity can come out 

 of it than its equivalent to the muscular force derived 

 from the man's arm that turns the crank. 



We come back to the unanswerable original question 

 — What determines molecular motion which brings about 

 purposeful results in living organisms ; so that plants 

 and animals can not only reproduce themselves, but 

 evolve differently formed beings in adaptation to their 

 environments ? 



There tmist be a something in the background which 

 causes it ; as there cannot be an "effect," viz., variation, 

 without a "cause" ; which, as far as we can see, resides 

 in protoplasm and its nucleus and nowhere else. 



The above conclusions of physiologists seem to have 

 been arrived at from the belief in Darwinism. This was 

 said by Huxley to have given the death-blow to the 

 Argument of Design, 



Now, if all adaptations seen in living beings arose by 

 means of Natural Selection, then it is easy to see that 

 Directivity has no place in the construction of animals 

 and plants ; consequently all the processes of growth 

 and development must be referable to physics and 

 chemistry. 



Since, however. Natural Selection has no place in the 

 Origin of Species, but only in their Distribution in time 

 and space ; while all adaptations issue from the respon- 

 sive power of protoplasm to the definite action of the 

 environment. Directivity is reinstated as before ; Design 

 giving place to Adaptation. 



