2t2 PRESENT-DAY RATIONALISM 



These "temporal" muscles have broad bases on the 

 external surface of the skull, one on either side, requir- 

 ing large and deep depressions in which they are fixed. 



These external depressions necessitate a small internal 

 brain cavity and a correspondingly small and more or less 

 lowly developed brain. 



Now, a young monkey often has a quite globular 

 skull ; but as it grows to maturity, it assumes a longer 

 form with the above-mentioned external depressions. 



Some unknown conditions of life, perhaps insular, 

 probably prevailed in which there was a comparative 

 freedom from enemies, and consequently a less struggle 

 for existence ; so that as a consequence a disuse of the 

 jaw for fighting purposes allowed the skull to retain the 

 more globular form when adult. The brain now followed 

 suit, and not only became larger, but more developed, in 

 having more numerous convolutions and an increase in 

 the amount of " grey matter " accompanied, as a correlated 

 result, with an increase of intelligence ; to which both 

 skull and brain reacted. 



A time arrived when a new mental power was evolved, 

 or superadded to that which man still has in common 

 with animals, that of realismg abstract ideas. 



As a human being epitomises the history of vertebrates 

 in his development from an " &^^ " to his adult stage ; so 

 do we see in the development of a child these mental 

 stages in progress. At first the infant is simply a living 

 automaton with no mind at all. It soon begins " to take 

 notice," i.e., a dawning intelligence of the outer world 

 awakens through the senses ; but for a long time it is 

 utterly powerless to realise an abstration ; and if you try 

 to explain to a little child the idea of God, who does not 

 appeal to its senses, it cannot conceive anything beyond 

 a Being something like its own father. 



