RELATIONS. 177 



again, compare this with the process of a manufactory — with 

 the making of cider, for example ; with the bruising of the 

 apples in the mill, the squeezing of them when so bruised in 

 the press, the fermentation in the vat, the bestowing of the 

 liquor thus fermented in the hogsheads, the drawing off into 

 bottles, the pouring out for use into the glass. Let any one 

 show me any difference between these two eases as to the 

 point of contrivance. That which is at present under our 

 consideration, the "relation'' of the parts successively em- 

 ployed, is not more clear in the last case than in the first. 

 The aptness of the jaws and teeth to prepare the food for the 

 stomach is, at least, as manifest as that of the cider-mill to 

 crush the apples for the press. The concoction of the food 

 in the stomach is as necessary for its future use, as the fer- 

 mentation of the stum in the vat is to the perfection of the 

 liquor. The disposal of the aliment afterwards, the actior 

 and change which it undergoes, the route which it is made, 

 to take, in order that, and until that, it arrives at its desti- 

 nation, is more complex indeed and intricate, but, in the 

 midst of complication and intricacy, as evident and certain 

 as is the apparatus of cocks, pipes, tunnels, for transferring 

 the cider from one vessel to another ; of barrels and bottles 

 for preserving it till fit for use, or of cups and glasses for 

 bringing it when wanted to the lip of the consumer. The 

 character of the machinery is in both cases this — that one 

 part answers to another part, and every part to the final 

 result. 



This parallel between the alimentary o{)eration and some 

 of the processes of art might be carried further into detail. 

 Spallanzani has remarked^^ a circumstantial resemblance 

 between the stomachs of gallinaceous fowls and the structure 

 of corn-mills. While the two sides of the gizzard perform 

 the ofiice of the mill-stones, the craw or crop supplies the 

 place of the lioi^iper. 



When our fowls are abundantly supplied with meat, they 

 * Disc. 1, sec. 54. 

 8* 



