NATURE'S CALENDAR 257 



caterpillar," says Holland, " feeding upon December 4 



the leaf in immediate proximity to the 

 point where it has been hatched. attaches 

 bits of bitten leaf to the midrib by 

 strands of silk, thus stiffening its perch 

 and preventing its curling as the rib 

 dries. Out of bits of leaves thus detached 

 it constructs a packet of material, which 

 it moves forward along the midrib until 

 it has completed its second molt. By 

 this time winter begins to come on, and it 

 cuts away for itself the material of the 

 leaf on either sideof the rib, from the tip 

 towards the base, glues the rib of the leaf 

 to the stem by means of silk, draws to- 

 gether the edges of the remaining portion 

 of the leaf, and constructs a tube-like hi- 

 bernaculum, or winter- quarters, exactly 

 fitting the body, in which it passes the 

 winter." 



* The same entomologist also calls atten- 

 tion to a matter which will suggest a field 

 of experiment to students, in the follow- 

 ing paragraph : 



"The effect of cold suddenly applied to 

 the chrysalids of butterflies at the moment 

 of pupation is often to produce remark- 

 able changes in the markings. The spots 

 upon the wings of butterflies emerging 

 from chrysalids thus treated are frequent- 

 ly rendered more or less indistinct and 

 blurred. The dark markings are intensi- 

 fied in color and enlarged ; the pale mark- 

 ings are also in some cases ascertained to 

 experience enlargement. Many of the 



December 5 



