l88 THE NATURE-STUDY REVIEW [i, 5, sept. 1905 



Geographical 



Origin of trade and commerce. Note from a study of the home district 

 how slopes of the land and position of waterways influence travel, and the 

 position of the roads. 



If we 'had only what was produced in the neighborhood, what would we 

 have to do without. 



During winter study life in cold regions, in summer that in warm re- 

 gions, discussing homes, dress, food and ways of traveling. 



Observations upon the effect of rain-water upon unprotected surfaces. 

 Note the character of stream channels and whether they flow in broad or 

 narrow depressions. Distinguish the various land and water forms within 

 reach. Make a rude model of the home region in sand or clay. 



Develop notion of a map by first studying the relief of the district familiar 

 to the children, then pictures showing the same, and finally'a relief model 

 of it. From this lead to the conception of a map by drawing to scale the 

 relief model, and comparing sketch with the real landscape studied. 



Continue work upon known material until the children are conversant 

 with the meaning of a plain map of the home district and its various 

 symbols. 



Talks about the important physical features of the state with aid of 

 pictures and descriptions, including stories of travel and adventure. Com- 

 pare features portrayed with those of the home region. 



Discuss the products of the various parts of the adjoining region or the 

 state with aid of pictures and compare results with what would be ex- 

 pected from the study of the features of the home region. Give reasons 

 for different products and occupations upon different kinds of land surfaces. 



Nature-Study — Fourth Grade 



Institutional, Industrial, Historical 



Stories of the lives of some of the pioneer Americans. 



History stories and stories of early exploration in connection with the 

 relief map or model of the state. 



Continue talks upon government. 



Study various means of transportation upon land and water, basing work 

 upon the children's observations. Descriptions of traveling in the early 

 days. 



The making of graded roads and pavements. How the features of land 

 and water affect position of roads and trails. How they have determined 

 the position of the railroads. 



Study of how the rocks, soil, features of the land and water, and the 

 climate have determined what shall be the leading local industries. In what 

 other parts of our country are similar conditions found. 



The relative importance of stock raising in the home-district. Study 

 by means of pictures and descriptions the important stock-raising regions 

 of our country and find out reasons for its predominance in these localities. 



Continuation of hand work and making of simple articles. 



