262 THE NATURE-STUDY REVIEW [i, 6, nov. 1905 



as long in the month and throat, as they do in the stomach, the whole 

 mouth would be in a blister. 



Do they blister and make a hard crust around the stomach? 



Always. The stomach of a drunkard is lined inside, with a hard crusty 

 wall, which greatly prevents digestion and brings disease. 



When the stomach is diseased, are other parts of the body affected? 



Yes, the head aches, the lungs and liver are disordered, and all the body 

 must be more or less injured. 



What effect has drinking on the liver? 



It enlarges the liver. In some places the liver of fowls is considered a 

 great delicacy. Here the poultry-raisers feed fowls on rum (mixed with 

 meal) to enlarge the liver. The liver of the drinking man soon becomes 

 of a frightful, unnatural size. 



What is the natural color of the fluid in the liver? 



Bright yellow, but drinking changes it to a black, thick substance like 

 tar. 



How does drinking affect the brain? 



It hardens it and shrinks up the arteries. 



Is the heart injured by ardent spirits? 



Drinking excites the heart to a very hurried, unnatural motion. This 

 hastens on the natural wear of the system. 



Is the blood injured by drinking? 



Yes, it may be nearly destroyed, for ardent spirits deprive it of its 

 bright red color, and thus take out its living principle. The blood of a 

 drinker is much blacker than the blood of a temperate person. 



Is there any nourishment in alcohol, or ardent spirits? 



No, Alcohol is not digested in the stomach; none of it makes chyle. 

 But alcohol, burning as it was taken into the mouth, is found in the brain 

 and in the blood and in other parts of the system." 



PLANTS THAT HIDE FROM ANIMALS 



Under this title Professor Beal, of the Michigan Agricultural 

 College, writes in the Popular Science Monthly an account of 

 adaptations for protection of plants. His examples are interesting, 

 but his interpretations often doubtful and they raise questions 

 similar to those in the article '' Protective Colors of Animals " in 

 No. 4, July, of this magazine. Some examples are cited and dis- 

 cussed below. 



" Plants retire beneath the surface of the ground and are pro- 

 tected from animals." This refers to bulbs, tubers and rootstocks 

 in winter. " They are nearly sure to escape destruction by ani- 

 mals." As examples are named: -Solomon's seal, dutchman's 

 breeches, May apple, goldenrod, artichoke. These make us feel 

 doubtful. What animals can be persuaded to eat the underground 



