MORBID ANATOMY. 35 



resembling the phenomena of muco-enteritis. Dr. Murchison's ob- 

 servations, however, make the inflammation of the small intestines 

 usually most intense about the middle. The minuter vessels of the 

 small intestines are completely injected, and can be seen by the naked 

 eye in the arborescent forms of their intricate reticulations. (PI. V, 

 fig. 1.) When the capillary congestion is complete and is passing 

 into the stage of destructive disorganization, there is shown a very 

 characteristic mahogany appearance, (fig. 2.) In the large intestines 

 the principal blood vessels of the mucous folds (rugae) are mainly and 

 in a higher degree affected, which gives to »the gut a peculiarly 

 striped aspect. (PI. YII, fig. 3.) 



In the duodenum we also find similar (inflammatory and ulcerous) 

 indications of disease as well as in the other small intestines, particu- 

 larly in patches ; we observe now and then a tendency to ulceration or 

 that there is ulceration of Peyer's glands ; but it does not appear to be 

 an essential of the disease in its early stages. In the larger intestines 

 are seen similar lesions to those in the smaller, and more frequently 

 ulceration in the apex of the caecum. The rectum may or may not be 

 inflamed. Simonds. 



The vascular* engorgement increases towards the terminal portion 

 of the canal and the mucous folds of the rectum exhibit the tumid 

 and deeply purple appearance of internal haemorrhoids. (PI. IX, fig. 1.) 



The entire canal of the intestines is more or less filled with fetid 

 gases. (Egan.) 



The ileum is affected similarly to the pyloric end of the stomach, 

 thickened, &c. That intensity of these appearances recurs in the 

 caecum. Here the red patches are visible, varying in intensity along 

 the course of the large intestines until they reach the rectum, which 

 is evidently another favorite abode of the disease, which is thickened, 

 discolored and ulcerated, in advanced stages. (Pallin.) 



The . whole mucous lining of the bowels is unduly soft and its 

 epithelium imperfect. There are no true ulcerations as in the ulcera- 

 tive typhoid of man. N'ot unfrequently a viscid fetid mucus covers 

 the membranous surface. The bowel is usually empty or its contents 

 are fluid and slimy. The discharges contain bile, and are sometimes 

 tinged with blood. Occasionally they resemble the rice-water stools 

 of cholera. The feculent matter contained in the intestines (Mrs. 

 Nichols' cow) was fluid, stinking, and of a dirty white color. 

 (Simonds.) The ileo-caecal valve is, as regards function, healthyj 



* There are cases in which the intestinal mucous membrane is singularly free from disease. 

 There are others in which the general blood extravasation has undergone a similar change, and 

 acquired the color and character of a melanotic deposit. In these cases there is simply an open 

 perforated aspect of Peyer's patches, and in others these glands seem to have disappeared alto- 

 gether. (Gamgee, p. 60.) 



