iStOEBLD ANATOMY. 37 



The pulp is composed of broken down tissue and blood cells of a very- 

 dark color. It exhibits the same condition as in exhausting fever. 

 The spleen is generally unchanged. (Egan.) 



VI. Windpipe, Laktnx, Lungs and Thoracic Cavity. The 

 entire mucous membrane lining the respiratory passages is reddened 

 and highly vascular, as in the earlier stages of acute bronchial 

 catarrh. (PI. IX, fig. 2.) It is sometimes nearly dry, but more fre- 

 quently, especially in the smaller tubes, there is an abundance of 

 frothy mucus (purulent — Egan) often of a slightly red color or tinged 

 with blood. [It often appears to be free from inflammatory action, 

 but is covered over with layers of lymph, frequently as thin as a sheet 

 of paper. Simonds.] The membrane is entirely free of aphthous 

 eruption, and there are but rarely indications of an effusive or deposi- 

 tive inflammatory condition. Exceptional cases have been observed 

 in Vienna, and by Prof Gambee, where a considerable deposit was 

 observed in the trachea.* Only one case is to be found in all the 

 museums of Europe where there has been, as in the exudation of 

 croup, a solid fibrinous deposit in the trachea. (1st Rep., p. 110.) 

 The air cells of the lungs in uncomplicated cases are healthy; any 

 emphysematous condition being chronic and not superinduced by the 

 disease. The lungs appear shriveled, pale or discolored, and some- 

 times much swollen. (Egan.) The serous membrane of the chest, 

 as a rule, is likewise free from disease. (Simonds.) 



VII. Brain and Spinal Cord. The cerebral membranes are much 

 congested, not without vascular rupture or extravasation. There is 

 no effusion on the brain, no congestion of the membranes of the 

 spinal cord, the brain and cordbeing both perfectly healthy. 



The brain gives no indication of disease ; but in detaching the brain 

 from the spine, we found nearly in every instance in Galicia a 

 larger quantity of fluid than ordinary. (Simonds.) 



DuPRiES, in post-mortems made in 1795 and 1814, with special 

 reference to the lesions of the nervous system, invariably noted the 

 following appearances : The spinal marrow softer and more injected 

 than in health, especially in the lumbar region, so that when touched 

 it appeared to be mere pulp. Serum limpid and transparent was 

 found in the duplicatures of its investing membrane in great quantity, 

 more abundant in the lumbar region. The cellular tissue of the 



* Gamgee has drawn out of the bronchial tubes imperfect and friable casts made by exudation 

 which, when placed in alcohol, retained a considerable degree of solidity and firmness. In such 

 cases the mucous membrane is all of a deep red color, with a dirty looking deposit on its surface, 

 and a complete destruction of the normal ciliated epithelium. (Gamgee , p. 57.) 



